Making of Constitution
- MN Roy in 1934 put forward for the need of the Indian Constitution. Later in 1935 in INC and 1938 by Nehru.
- Demand was accepted in 1940 as August Offer and Stanford Cripps came to India with a draft and proposal to make the constitution after the World war 2.
- Muslim League rejected it since they want the division. Finally Cabinet Mission including Cripps, Alexander, Lawrence proposed a scheme in 1946 which was less satisfactory for them.
- 389 members (296 to British India and 93 to Princely States)
- Seats allocated is in proportion to the population of the community and the region.
- Representatives are elected by indirect election by proportional representation by means of single transferable vote and in princely states by nomination by the head.
- In election INC got 208 seats, Muslim League got 73 seats, others got 15 seats
- First meeting of Constituent Assembly on Dec 9, 1946 in which Muslim League boycotted, presided by Sachidanand Sinha as he is the oldest person there acc to French practice.
- On Dec 11 1946, Rajendra Prasad, HC Mukerjee & VT Krishnamachari and B.N Rau elected as President, V. Presidents and constitutional advisor of Constituent Assembly.
- Dec 13, 1946, Nehru passed Objective Resolution which was adopted on Jan 22 1947
- After Indian Independence Act 1947, CA became sovereign body which have Legislative and Constitutional Powers
- Legislative presided by first speaker GV Mavlankar
- Constitutional presided by president Rajendra Prasad
- Rectified India’s Commonwealth Membership in 1949
- 22 July 1947, adopted National Flag
- 24 Jan 1950, adopted National Anthem, National Song
- 24 Jan 1950, Rajendra Prasad made President of India
- Sources of Constitution
- Government of India Act 1935
- Federal Scheme
- Office of Governor
- Judiciary
- Public service commissions
- Emergency Provisions
- Administrative details
- British Constitution
- Parliamentary Government
- Rule of Law
- Legislative Procedure
- Single citizenship
- Cabinet system
- Prerogative Writs
- Parliamentary Privileges
- Bicameralism
- US Constitution
- Fundamental rights
- Idea of Preamble
- Independence of Judiciary
- Judicial review
- Impeachment of President
- Removal of Supreme Court and High Court Judges
- Post of Vice President
- Irish Constitution
- Directive Principles of State Policy
- Nomination of members to Rajya Sabha
- Method of election of President
- Canadian Constitution
- Federation with Strong Centre
- Residuary powers in Centre
- Appointment of State Governors
- Advisory Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
- Australian Constitution
- Concurrent List
- Freedom of trade, commerce, intercourse
- Joint sitting of Parliament
- Weimar Constitution of Germany
- Suspension of Fundamental Rights during Emergency
- Soviet Constitution of USSR
- Fundamental duties
- Ideal of Justice in Preamble (social, economic, political)
- French Constitution
- Liberty, Equality, Fraternity
- Republic
- South African Constitution
- Procedure for Amendment of Constitution
- Election of Rajya Sabha members
- Japanese Constitution
- Procedure established by Law
- Criticism
- Not representative body (indirectly elected)
- Not sovereign body primarily
- Time consuming
- Congress, Hindus, Lawyer-Politician domination