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Thus it strongly supported Agriculture production and it also launched the Industrialisation (in less quantity)

It built a particular system of mixed economy with a great role for the public sector, as well as a growing private sector

1st (1951-1956)

2nd (1956-1961)

3rd (1961-1966)

Plan Holidays (1966-1969)

4th (1969-1974)

5th (1974-1978)

Rolling Plan (1978-1980)

6th (1980-1985)

7th (1985-1990)

Annual Plans (1990-1992)

8th (1992-1997)

9th (1997-2002)

10th (2002-2007)

11th (2007-2012)

12th (2012-2017) 

Nehru presented 1st FYP to Parliament and needed urgent attention 

1st FYP was launched in 1951 which mainly focused in development of Primary Sector 

It was based on Harrod-Domar model with few modifications 

Active role of state in all economic sectors.

Distribution 

Target growth rate was 2.1% annual GDP growth

Bhakra, Hirakud, Mettur, Damodar Valley Dams were initiated 

WHO with GOI, addressed children’s health and reduced Infant mortality rate, indirectly contributing to Population growth 

2nd Plan was particularly in the development of Public Sector and Rapid Industrialisation 

The plan followed the Mahalanobis model, an economic development model developed by the Indian Statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis in 1953

The plan attempted to determine the optimal allocation of investment between productive sectors in order to Maximise long run economic growth 

The plan assumed a closed economy in which the main trading activity would be centred on importing capital goods 

Hydroelectric Power Projects and 5 steel plants at Bhilai, Durgapur, Rourkela were established 

Coal production was increased

More railway lines were added in the North east

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Atomic Energy Commission of India was established as research institutes 

Total amount allocated under 2nd Five Year Plan was 48 billion 

Various sectors like Power and Irrigation, Social Services, Communications and Transport, Miscellaneous 

Target Growth rate was 4.5% and Actual Growth rate was 4.27%

3rd Plan, stressed Agriculture and Improvement in the production of wheat

There was also a severe drought in 1965. The war led to inflation and priority was shifted to price stabilisation 

Many primary schools were started in rural areas. In an effort to bring democracy to the grass root level, Panchayat elections were started and the states were give more development responsibilities 

State electricity boards and State Secondary education boards were formed 

Due to miserable failure of 3rd Plan, the Government was forced to declare “Plan Holidays” 

Indira Gandhi Government nationalised 14 major Indian banks 

Green Revolution in India advanced Agriculture 

In addition, the situation in East Pakistan was becoming dire as the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971 and Bangladesh Liberation War took funds earmarked for industrial development 

India also performed Smiling Buddha underground nuclear test in Pokhran on May 18, 1974, partially in response to the US deployment of the 7th Fleet in Bay of Bengal 

Target Growth rate was 5.6% and Actual Growth was 3.3%

5th plan laid stress on Employment, Poverty Alleviation (Garibi Hatao) and Justice.

The plan also focused on Self-Reliance in agricultural production and Defence 

In 1978, newly elected Moraji Desai Government rejected the plan 

The Electricity Supply Act was amended in 1975, which enabled the Central Government to enter into Power Generation and Transmission 

Indian National Highway System was introduced and many roads were widened to accommodate the increasing traffic

Tourism also expanded 

The 20-Point Programme was launched in 1975 and it followed from 1974 to 1979

Minimum Needs Programme (MNP) was introduced in the first year of 5th Five Year Plan. 

Target Growth rate was 4.4% and Actual Growth was 4.8%

It marked the beginning of economic liberalisation 

Price controls were eliminated and Ration Shops were closed 

NABARD was established on 12 July 1982 by recommendation of Shivaraman Committee 

Family Planning was also expanded in order to prevent overpopulation 

In contrast to China’s strict and binding One-Child Policy, Indian Policy did not rely on the treat of force

More prosperous areas of India adopted family planning more rapidly than less prosperous areas, which continued to have a High Birth rate

6th Five Year Plan was a great success to Indian economy

Target Growth was 5.2% and Actual Growth was 5.4%

Plan laid stress on improving the productivity level of industries by upgrading of technology 

By the base built by 6th Plan, 7th was build on need for further growth 

This plan strived towards socialism and energy production at large 

Trust areas were : Social Justice, Removal of Oppression of Weak, Modern Technology, Agricultural Development, Anti Poverty Programmes, Full Supply of Food, Clothing, Shelter, Increasing Productivity of Small and Large Scale farmers, Making India an independent economy 

India strove to bring about a self sustained economy with contributions from voluntary agencies and General populous 

Target Growth was 5.0% and Actual Growth was 6.01%. 

Due to fast changing political situation at centre, 8th Plan couldn’t start in 1990

It was finally formulated in 1992

Manmohan Singh launched India’s free market reforms that brought the nearly bankrupt nation back from the edge.

It was the beginning of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation in India 

Modernisation of Industries was important thing in this plan.

Gradual opening of Indian Economy was undertaken to correct the burgeoning deficit and foreign debt

India became a member of WTO on 1 Jan 1995

Major Objectives were : Controlling Population Growth, Poverty Reduction, Employment Generation, Strengthening Infrastructure, Institutional Building, Tourism Management, Human Resource Development, Involvement of Panchayati Raj, Nagar Palikas, NGOs, Decentralisation and People’s Participation. 

Target Growth was 5.6% and Actual Growth was 6.8%

Tried primarily to use the latent and unexplored economic potential to promote Economic and Social Growth 

The main objectives was to correct historical inequalities and increase the economic growth in the country 

Other aspects were : Population Control, Generating Employment with priority to Agriculture and Rural Development, Reduction of Poverty, Ensuring proper availability of Food and Water, Primary Health Care facilities, Primary education to children, Empowering the socially disadvantaged classes, Developing Self Reliance in Agriculture, Acceleration in Growth rate with help of stable prices 

Target Growth was 7.1% and Actual Growth was 6.8%

Main Objectives

It aimed to increase the enrolment in higher education of 18-23 years age group by 2011-12

It focused on distant education, convergence of formal, non formal, distant and IT education institutions 

Rapid and inclusive growth (Poverty Reduction)

Emphasis of Social sector and delivery of service therein 

Empowerment through Education and Skill development 

Reduction of Gender Inequality 

Environmental sustainability 

To increase the Growth rate in Agriculture, Industry , Services by 4%, 10%, 9% respectively 

Reduce total fertility rate to 2.1

Provide clean drinking water for all by 2009

GOI has been decided to achieve a Growth rate of 8.2% but NDC approved growth rate of 8%

Objectives 

On 13 Aug 2014, Modi announced 65 year old Planning Commission would be replaced by NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India)

On Jan 1 2015, NITI Aayog was established as successor to Planning Commission 

NITI Aayog was created by an executive resolution of GOI like that of Planning Commission 

Provides relevant technical advice to the Centre and States 

NITI Aayog is Bottom Top approach 

India has undergone a paradigm shift over the past 6 decades : Politically, Economically, Socially, Technologically as well as Demographically

This will built on the foundations of 

Chairperson : PM

Governing Council : CM of all States/UTs and LG of remaining UTs

Regional Councils 

Special Invitees : Experts nominated by PM

Full Time Organisational Framework 

Research Wing 

Consultancy Wing 

Team India Wing 

Cooperation between Centre and State (Cooperative Federalism)

Develop mechanisms to formulate credible plans at village level and aggregate these at higher levels 

Ensure that interests of National Security are incorporated in Economic Strategy and Policy 

Special attention to weaker sections 

Design long term policy and monitor their progress and make mid course corrections if necessary

Advice and encourage partnerships between key stakeholders 

Create knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurial support system through collaborative community of experts 

Inter sectoral and inter departmental issues are resolved 

Maintain State of Art Resource Centre

Monitor and Evaluate implementation of programmes 

Focus on technology upgradation and capacity building 

Undertake other activities as may be necessary in order to further execution of National Development Agenda 

Leveraging India’s demographic dividend 

Elimination of Poverty 

Redressal of inequalities 

Integrate villages institutionally into developmental process 

Policy support to more than 50 million small businesses 

Safeguarding our environmental and ecological assets

Antyodaya

Inclusion

Integration of Villages in developmental process 

Make use of Demographic dividend 

People’s Participation 

Good Governance 

Maintain Sustainability 

Pro People agenda 

Pro active in anticipating and responding to citizen needs 

Participative, by involvement of citizens

Empowering women in all aspects 

Inclusion of all groups 

Equality of opportunity for youth 

Transparency through technology 

It is non constitutional body which is not responsible to Parliament 

Dismantled Planning Commission without consulting States 

UTs are represented by LGs, not by CMs

Fund allocation to welfare schemes may get affected